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a Systemic Autoimmune
Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, IDIBAPS*, Hospital Clínic,
School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain, b Department of
Internal Medicine, Hospital Son Dureta, Majorca, Balearic Islands,
Spain
Correspondence to: Dr J Font, Unitat de Malalties Autoimmunes Sistèmiques, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Accepted for publication 2 July 1998
OBJECTIVE
To define
the pattern of disease expression in patients with childhood onset
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
METHODSProspective
analysis of clinical manifestations and immunological features of 34 patients in whom the first manifestations appeared in childhood from a
series of 430 unselected patients with SLE.
RESULTSThirty one
(91%) patients from the childhood onset group were female and three
male (9%) (ratio female/male, 10/1, with no difference compared with
the adult onset group). Mean age of this group at disease onset was 11 years (range 5-14) compared with 32 years (15-48) for the remaining
patients. The childhood onset patients more often had nephropathy (20%
v 9% in adult onset SLE, p=0.04; OR:2.7;
95%CI:1.1, 7), fever (41% v 21%, p=0.006;
OR:2.6, 95%CI:1.2, 5.7), and lymphadenopathy (6%
v 0.5%, p=0.03, OR: 12.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 127.6), as presenting clinical manifestations. During the evolution of
the disease, the childhood onset patients had an increased prevalence
of malar rash (79% v 51%, p=0.002; OR:3.7; 95%CI:1.5, 9.5) and chorea (9% v 0%,
p<0.0001). This group exhibited a higher prevalence of anticardiolipin
antibodies (aCL) of the IgG isotype when compared with the remaining
patients (29% v 13%, p=0.017; OR:2.9,
95%CI:1.2, 6.8). No significant differences were found among the other
antibodies between the two groups. Childhood onset patients more often
received azathioprine (15% v 6%,
p=0.00004; OR:11.2; 95%CI:2.8, 44.9) but no differences were detected
between the groups concerning side effects or drug toxicity.
CONCLUSIONSThe
presentation and the clinical course of SLE varied in this series of
430 patients depending on their age at disease onset. Nephropathy,
fever, and lymphadenopathy were more common in childhood onset patients
as presenting clinical manifestations, while malar rash, chorea, and
detection of IgG aCL were more common during the evolution of the disease.
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