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a Department of
Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, b Department of Physical and Rehabilitation
Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, c Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio,
Finland, d Department
of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio, e Department of Orthopaedics, University of
Lund, Lund, Sweden, f Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central
Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
Correspondence to: Dr J Haapala, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Harjukatu 48, FIN-15110 Lahti, Finland Jussi.Haapala{at}phks.fi
Accepted for publication 26 April 2000
OBJECTIVE
To
monitor the concentration of markers of cartilage and synovium
metabolism in the knee (stifle) joint synovial fluid of young beagles
subjected to immobilisation and subsequent remobilisation.
METHODSThe
right hind limb of 17 dogs was immobilised in flexion for 11 weeks.
Simultaneously, the contralateral left knee was exposed to increased
weight bearing. The remobilisation period lasted 50 weeks. Litter mates
served as controls. The concentration in joint lavage fluid of
interleukin 1
(IL1) was measured by immunoassay, the activity of
phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was determined by
an extraction method, chondroitin sulphate (CS) concentration by
precipitation with Alcian blue, hyaluronan (HA) by an ELISA-like assay
using biotinylated HA-binding complexes, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) by
sandwich ELISA, and synovitis was scored by light microscopy.
RESULTSSynovitis
or effusion was absent in all experimental and control groups.
Immobilisation decreased the joint lavage fluid levels of IL1
(p<0.05), TIMP (p< 0.05), and the concentration of CS down to 38%
(p<0.05) in comparison with untreated litter mates with normal weight
bearing. Immobilisation did not affect the activity of
PLA2, or the concentration of MMP-3 or HA in synovial fluid. Joint remobilisation restored the decreased concentrations of
markers to control levels. Increased weight bearing did not change the
concentrations of markers in comparison with the control joints with
normal weight bearing.
CONCLUSIONS11
weeks' joint immobilisation decreased the concentration of markers of
cartilage and synovium metabolism in the synovial fluid, and
remobilisation restored the concentrations to control levels. The
changes in joint metabolism induced by immobilisation, as reflected by
the markers, are thus different from those found in osteoarthritis,
where increased levels of these markers are associated with enhanced
degradation and synthesis. These findings suggest that the change
induced in joint metabolism by immobilisation is reversible in its
early stages.
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